Athan:
The Islamic call to Prayer.
'Asr: The 3rd
of the five daily Prayer services, offered any time between the time when
the sun starts declining and sunset.
Atta'awwuz: Set
words for seeking the protection of God against Satan, recited
at the beginning of Prayer.
At-tashahud:
A set prayer recited silently at the beginning of the Qa'dah, or
second Sitting position, in Prayer.
Du'a-e-Qunut:
Arabic name of the special prayer recited in the last Rak'at of
Vitr Prayer.
Durood: Invocation
of blessings upon the Holy Prophet of Islam, Muhammad, peace and blessings
of Allah be upon him.
Eid-ul-Adha:
The Islamic festival commemorating the obedience to god of Prophet Ibrahim,
peace be upon him, (or Abraham), and his son Prophet Ishmael, peace be
upon him.
Eid-ul-Fitr:
The Islamic festival concluding the fasting of the month of Ramadhan.
Fajr: The 1st
of the five daily Prayer services, offered any time during the period
starting from dawn and ending a few minutes before sunrise.
Faraidh: Plural
form of Fardh.
Fardh (plural
Faraidh): Compulsory or obligatory, used when describing categories
of Prayers or constituent parts of Prayer.
Fardh-i-Kifaya:
Obligatory duty binding on all Muslims, but which is deemed to have been
discharged (by all of them), when a body from among them perform it; e.g.
the funeral Prayer of a Muslim.
Fitrana: Money
contributed by Muslims before the Eid-ul-Fitr Prayer service and
spent on the needy so that they may also join in festivities.
Hajj: Pilgrimage
to the Ka'aba in Makkah, Arabia; also known as the fifth pillar
of Islam.
Imam: The person
who leads a congregational Prayer service.
Iqamat: A shortened
verse of the Athan, which is recited loudly to indicate that a
congregational Prayer is about to start. See also Takbeer.
Isha'a: The 5th
and last of the five daily Prayer services, offered any time between nightfall
and midnight, or before going to bed.
Jilsa: The Sitting
position which occurs in between two prostrations during Prayer.
Kalimah: The
credo of Islam, There is none worthy of worship except Allah; Muhammad
is the Messenger of Allah.
Kalimah Shahadah
(also called Kalima): The declaration of Islamic faith, i.e; to
bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah, the He
is One, without any associate, and to bear witness that Muhammad is the
servant and Messenger of Allah.
Khusoof: Eclipse
of the moon, during which a special Prayer is to be offered.
Kusoof: Eclipse
of the sun, during which a special prayer is to be offered.
Maghrib: The
4th of the five daily Prayer services, which can be offered any time in
the period starting from immediately after sunset and ending when there
is still some light left on the horizon.
Makroohat: Acts
which are considered undesirable or below the dignity of Prayer.
Malikis: One
of the sects of Islam.
Mu'athin: The
person who says the Athan, or Call to Prayer.
Mustahab (plural
Mustahibbat):Preferable or praiseworthy things, when referring
to the style or manner of performing Prayer.
Nawafil: Optional
or supererogatory as applied to types or categories of Prayer.
Niyyah: The Formal
intention which one makes in one's mind before starting a Prayer.
Qa'dah: Sitting
position adopted towards the end of the second Rak'at in Prayer.
Qadah: Offering
a missed Prayer.
Qasr: The act
of shortening one's Prayer.
Qauma: The posture
of Standing erect after Ruku.
Qiyam: The standing
position in Prayer.
Rak'at: One complete
unit within Prayer, consisting of a number of different postures of the
body with corresponding prescribed prayers, words of glorification and
of praise of God.
Raka'at: Plural
form of Rak'at.
Ruku: The Bowing
down position in Prayer.
Sajdah: (Sajood)
The position of Prostration in prayer.
Salat-ul-Jumma:
The Friday prayer service.
Salat: Prayer
in the prescribed form; also known as the second pillar of Islam.
Salat-ul-Hajaat:
Prayer offered when one is in need or in difficulty Salat-ul-Ishraq:
Optional Prayer offered in two phases in the forenoon.
Salat-ul-Zoha:
The second phase of Salat-ul Ishraq.
Salat-ut-Tasbih:
Optional Prayer of four Raka'at, to be offered at least once in
one's lifetime.
Saum: Fasting
in the month of Ramadhan; also known as the fourth pillar of Islam.
Shias: One of
the sects of Islam.
Sujood: (Sajdah):
The posture of Prostration in Prayer.
Sujood-us-Sahv:
Prostrations of condonement performed when a mistake has been committed
during Prayer and which may affect its validity.
Sunan: Plural
form of Sunnat.
Sunnah or Sunnat:
One of the types or categories of Prayer; less compulsory than a Fardh
(obligatory) Prayer, but more so than a Nawafil (voluntary) one.
Sunnis: One of
the sects of Islam.
Sura (Surah):
Arabic word for 'chapter', and used for designating the chapters of the
Holy Quran.
Sutra: An object
which a worshipper places before him to mark the physical boundary of
his Prayer.
Tahajjud: Optional
Prayer of great merit offered in the latter part of the night.
Tahmeed: The
prescribed words recited by the congregation in response to the Tasmee
of the Imam; also, words of praise and remembrance of God.
Takbeer: A set
formula, recited loudly in order to indicate that a congregational Prayer
is about to start.
Takbir-i-Tahreema:
The Arabic expression Allahu Akbar (God is the Greatest), proclaimed
loudly by the Imam while he raises his two hands to his earlobes
at the very beginning of a congregational Prayer service.
Taraveeh: Special
Prayer offered after Isha'a Prayer during the month of Ramadhan.
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