قُلۡ لِّلۡمُؤۡمِنِیۡنَ یَغُضُّوۡا مِنۡ اَبۡصَارِہِمۡ وَ یَحۡفَظُوۡا فُرُوۡجَہُمۡ ؕ ذٰلِکَ اَزۡکٰی لَہُمۡ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ خَبِیۡرٌۢ بِمَا یَصۡنَعُوۡنَ ﴿۳۱﴾
قُل لِّلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ يَغُضُّواْ مِنۡ أَبۡصَٰرِهِمۡ وَيَحۡفَظُواْ فُرُوجَهُمۡۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَزۡكَىٰ لَهُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ خَبِيرُۢ بِمَا يَصۡنَعُونَ
English
Say to the believing men that they restrain their eyes and guard their private parts. That is purer for them. Surely, Allah is well aware of what they do.
English Short Commentary
Say to the believing men that they restrain their looks[2043] and guard their private parts.[2043A] That is purer for them. Surely, Allah is Well-Aware of what they do.
2043. As stated above the Qur’an is not content with merely taking a superficial view of things but goes to their very root. According to it, every good or bad quality springs from a certain root. In the case of a good quality, the Qur’an enjoins that the root should be mastered and fully kept under control and, in the case of an evil, it aims at its complete eradication and extermination and thus bolts and bars all the avenues to it. As it is the eyes through which most evil thoughts enter the mind, so in the verse under comment believing men and women have been commanded to restrain their looks when they happen to meet one another. (close)
2043A. Furuj may also signify "senses." (close)
English Five Volume Commentary
Say to the believing men that they restrain their eyes and guard their private parts. That is purer for them. Surely, Allah is well aware of what they do.[2613]
2613. Important Words:
یغضوا (restrain) is derived from غض. They say غض طرفه او بصرہ او من طرفه i.e. he restrained or lowered his eye or eyes; he blinked; he contracted his eye or eyes so as to wrinkle the lids; he contracted his eyelids and he looked; he contracted his eye or eyes and looked towards the ground, not opening his eye or eyes. غض صوته means, he lowered his voice (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
As stated above the Quran is not content with merely taking a superficial view of things but goes to their very root. According to it every good or bad quality springs from a certain root. In the case of a good quality the Quran enjoins that the root should be mastered and fully kept under control and in the case of an evil it aims at its complete eradication and extermination and thus bolts and bars all the avenues to it. As it is the eyes through which most evil thoughts enter the mind, so in the verse under comment believing men and women have been commanded to lower their gaze when they happen to meet one another. (close)
اُردو
مومنوں کو کہہ دے کہ اپنی آنکھیں نیچی رکھا کریں اور اپنی شرم گاہوں کی حفاظت کیا کریں۔ یہ بات ان کے لئے زیادہ پاکیزگی کا موجب ہے۔ یقیناً اللہ، جو وہ کرتے ہیں، اس سے ہمیشہ باخبر رہتا ہے۔
اُردو تفسیر صغیر
تو مومنوں سے کہہ دے کہ وہ اپنی آنکھیں نیچی رکھا کریں اور اپنی شرم گاہوں کی حفاظت کیا کریں‘ یہ ان کے لئے بہت پاکیزگی کا موجب ہوگا۔ جو کچھ وہ کرتے ہیں اللہ اس سے اچھی طرح خبردار ہے۔
Français
Dis aux croyants de restreindre leurs regards et de préserver leurs parties intimes. Cela est plus pur pour eux. Assurément, Allāh est très conscient de ce qu’ils font.
Español
Di a los hombres creyentes que recaten su mirada y guarden sus partes privadas. Esto es más puro para ellos. En verdad, Al‑lah sabe perfectamente lo que hacéis.
Deutsch
Sprich zu den gläubigen Männern, dass sie ihre Blicke zu Boden schlagen und ihre Keuschheit wahren sollen. Das ist reiner für sie. Wahrlich, Allah ist recht wohl kundig dessen, was sie tun.
وَ قُلۡ لِّلۡمُؤۡمِنٰتِ یَغۡضُضۡنَ مِنۡ اَبۡصَارِہِنَّ وَ یَحۡفَظۡنَ فُرُوۡجَہُنَّ وَ لَا یُبۡدِیۡنَ زِیۡنَتَہُنَّ اِلَّا مَا ظَہَرَ مِنۡہَا وَ لۡیَضۡرِبۡنَ بِخُمُرِہِنَّ عَلٰی جُیُوۡبِہِنَّ ۪ وَ لَا یُبۡدِیۡنَ زِیۡنَتَہُنَّ اِلَّا لِبُعُوۡلَتِہِنَّ اَوۡ اٰبَآئِہِنَّ اَوۡ اٰبَآءِ بُعُوۡلَتِہِنَّ اَوۡ اَبۡنَآئِہِنَّ اَوۡ اَبۡنَآءِ بُعُوۡلَتِہِنَّ اَوۡ اِخۡوَانِہِنَّ اَوۡ بَنِیۡۤ اِخۡوَانِہِنَّ اَوۡ بَنِیۡۤ اَخَوٰتِہِنَّ اَوۡ نِسَآئِہِنَّ اَوۡ مَا مَلَکَتۡ اَیۡمَانُہُنَّ اَوِ التّٰبِعِیۡنَ غَیۡرِ اُولِی الۡاِرۡبَۃِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ اَوِ الطِّفۡلِ الَّذِیۡنَ لَمۡ یَظۡہَرُوۡا عَلٰی عَوۡرٰتِ النِّسَآءِ ۪ وَ لَا یَضۡرِبۡنَ بِاَرۡجُلِہِنَّ لِیُعۡلَمَ مَا یُخۡفِیۡنَ مِنۡ زِیۡنَتِہِنَّ ؕ وَ تُوۡبُوۡۤا اِلَی اللّٰہِ جَمِیۡعًا اَیُّہَ الۡمُؤۡمِنُوۡنَ لَعَلَّکُمۡ تُفۡلِحُوۡنَ ﴿۳۲﴾
وَقُل لِّلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتِ يَغۡضُضۡنَ مِنۡ أَبۡصَٰرِهِنَّ وَيَحۡفَظۡنَ فُرُوجَهُنَّ وَلَا يُبۡدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنۡهَاۖ وَلۡيَضۡرِبۡنَ بِخُمُرِهِنَّ عَلَىٰ جُيُوبِهِنَّۖ وَلَا يُبۡدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا لِبُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوۡ ءَابَآئِهِنَّ أَوۡ ءَابَآءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوۡ أَبۡنَآئِهِنَّ أَوۡ أَبۡنَآءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوۡ إِخۡوَٰنِهِنَّ أَوۡ بَنِيٓ إِخۡوَٰنِهِنَّ أَوۡ بَنِيٓ أَخَوَٰتِهِنَّ أَوۡ نِسَآئِهِنَّ أَوۡ مَا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُهُنَّ أَوِ ٱلتَّـٰبِعِينَ غَيۡرِ أُوْلِي ٱلۡإِرۡبَةِ مِنَ ٱلرِّجَالِ أَوِ ٱلطِّفۡلِ ٱلَّذِينَ لَمۡ يَظۡهَرُواْ عَلَىٰ عَوۡرَٰتِ ٱلنِّسَآءِۖ وَلَا يَضۡرِبۡنَ بِأَرۡجُلِهِنَّ لِيُعۡلَمَ مَا يُخۡفِينَ مِن زِينَتِهِنَّۚ وَتُوبُوٓاْ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ جَمِيعًا أَيُّهَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تُفۡلِحُونَ
English
And say to the believing women that they restrain their eyes and guard their private parts, and that they disclose not their natural and artificial beauty except that which is apparent thereof, and that they draw their head-coverings over their bosoms, and that they disclose not their beauty save to their husbands, or to their fathers, or the fathers of their husbands or their sons or the sons of their husbands or their brothers, or the sons of their brothers, or the sons of their sisters, or their women, or what their right hands possess, or such of male attendants as have no sexual appetite, or young children who have no knowledge of the hidden parts of women. And they strike not their feet so that what they hide of their ornaments may become known. And turn ye to Allah all together, O believers, that you may succeed.
English Short Commentary
And say to the believing women that they restrain their looks and guard their private parts, and that they display not their beauty or their embellishment except that which is apparent thereof, and that they draw their head-coverings over their bosoms, and that they display not their beauty or their embellishment save to their husbands, or to their fathers, or the fathers of their husbands, or their sons, or the sons of their husbands, or their brothers, or the sons of their brothers, or the sons of their sisters, or women who are their companions,[2043B] or those that their right hands possess, or such of male attendants as have no desire for women, or young children who have not yet attained knowledge of the hidden parts of women. And that they strike not their feet so that what they hide of their ornaments may become known. And turn ye to Allah all together, O believers, that you may prosper.[2044]
2043B. Decent women. (close)
2044. As a good deal of misunderstanding and lack of proper knowledge as to what constitutes the Islamic notion of "Pardah" prevails even among Muslims, a somewhat detailed note on this much-vexed question is called for. The following verses deal with every aspect of "Pardah":—
(i) And say to the believing women that they restrain their looks and guard their private parts, and that they display not their beauty or their embellishment except that which is apparent thereof, and that they draw their head-coverings over their bosoms, and that they display not their beauty………(24:32, i.e. the verse under comment).
(ii) O Prophet, tell thy wives and thy daughters and the women of the believers that they should let down over them their loose outer garments. That is more likely that they will thus be recognised and not molested (33:60).
The Arabic word used in this verse (33:60) is, Jalabib of which the singular is Jilbab which means an outer or wrapping garment (Lane).
(iii) O wives of the Prophet! you are not like any other women if you are righteous. So be not soft in speech, lest he, in whose heart is a disease, should feel tempted, and speak decent words. And stay in your houses with dignity and do not show off yourselves in the manner of the showing off of the women of the former days of ignorance……(33:33, 34).
(iv) O ye who believe! let those whom your right hands possess, and those of you who have not attained to puberty, ask leave of you at three times before coming into your private apartments, before the Morning Prayer and when you lay aside your clothes at noon in summer and after the Night Prayer……(24:59).
The following inferences emerge from these four verses:
(a) When they go out, Muslim women are required to wear Jilbab, i.e. an outer and wrapping garment, which should cover their heads and bosoms in such a manner that the garment should come down from the head to the bosom covering the whole body. This is the significance of the Quranic words Yudnina ‘Alaihinna min Jalabibihinna (33:60). The wearing of an outer garment is intended to save a Muslim woman, when she goes about her business from the mental anguish of being stared at or molested or in any other way inconvenienced by persons of questionable character.
(b) Muslim men and women are to restrain their looks when they happen to face each other.
(c) The third commandment, though apparently applying to the wives of the Holy Prophet, includes, as is the practice of the Qur’an, other Muslim women. The words, 'And stay in your houses' (33:34) imply that whereas women may go out when necessary, the principal and primary sphere of their activities is inside the house.
(d) At three stated hours, even children are not allowed to enter the private apartments of their parents, nor are domestic servants or female slaves allowed to enter the sleeping rooms of their masters.
The first commandment applies to women when they go out. Then they are to use an outer garment which should cover their whole body. The second commandment relates to "Pardah" primarily inside the four walls of the house when near male relatives frequently come and go. In that case men and women are required only to restrain their looks and as an additional precaution women are to take care that their Zinah, i.e. beauty of person, dress and ornaments, is not displayed. They are not required to use Jilbab (outer garment) at that time because that would be very irksome and even impracticable in view of the free and frequent visits of very near blood relations. The context shows that this commandment relates to "Pardah" inside the four walls of the house, because all the persons mentioned in the verse under comment are very near relations who generally visit the houses of their relatives. The special mention in it of four categories of persons besides near relatives, viz. decent women, old servants, female slaves and minor boys, lends additional weight to the inference that the commandment in this verse relates to "Pardah" within the four walls of the house. The fact that the first commandment refers to "Pardah" outside the house and the second commandment basically refers to "Pardah" within the four walls of the house is also apparent from the different words that have been used to express the two forms of "Pardah" in the relevant verses, i.e. 33:60, and the verse under comment. Whereas in 33:60 the garment which a woman is to use when she goes out is Jilbab (an outer garment), the garment which she has to use inside the house when relatives visit is Khimar (a head-covering). Moreover, whereas in 33:60 the words used are Yudnina ‘Alaihinna min Jalabibihinna, i.e. they should let down over them their outer garments (for a detailed discussion of Jilbab and Yudnina see 33:60); in the verse under comment the words used are Yadribna Bikhumurihinna ‘Ala Juyubihinna, i.e. they should cast their head-coverings across their bosoms. It is clear that in the former case the garment will cover the head, the face and the bosom while in the latter case only the head and the bosom will become covered and the face may remain uncovered.
It may be noted in passing that the shape and form of the outer-garment which, as mentioned above, a woman must wear when she goes out and which covers her whole body will vary according to the customs, habits, social status, family traditions and usages of various classes of the Muslim community. The commandment with regard to "Pardah" within the four walls of the house will also apply to shops, fields. etc. where women of certain sections of Muslim society have to work to earn their living. There a woman will not be required to veil her face. She will only have to restrain her looks and to cover her Zinah, i.e. her ornaments and other embellishments, as women within the four walls of the house have to do when their near male relatives visit them.
The third commandment requires women to behave with dignity bordering on austerity when talking to stranger men; and they are also required to give their full attention to the discharge of their serious and important duties in regard to the affairs connected with the wellbeing of their own sex and the management of the household affairs and to looking after and bringing up of children and kindred matters. The fourth commandment enjoins husband and wife to have, as far as possible, sleeping apartments separate from those of other members of the family which even minor boys are not allowed to enter at hours stated in v. 59.
The word, Zinah, used in the verse under comment includes both natural and artificial beauty—beauty of person, dress and ornaments. The expression, 'except that which is apparent thereof,' contains all those things which it is not possible for a woman to cover such as her voice, gait or stature, and also certain parts of her body which have to remain uncovered according to her social status, her family traditions, her avocation and the customs of society. The permission to keep certain parts of the body uncovered will be subject to certain variations. Thus the words, 'they display not their beauty' will have different connotations with regard to women belonging to different sections and grades of society and the connotation will change with the change in the customs and modes of living and professions of a people. The words, 'And that they strike not their feet so that what they hide of their ornaments may become known' (24:32), show that public dancing which is so much in vogue in certain countries is definitely not allowed by Islam.
This is the Islamic conception of "Pardah." According to it Muslim women may go out as often as it is legitimately necessary for them to do so, but their primary and principal functions are confined to their homes which are as important and serious, if not more, as the avocations of men are. If women take to men’s avocations they seek to defy nature and nature does not allow its laws to be defied with impunity. (close)
English Five Volume Commentary
And say to the believing women that they restrain their eyes and guard their private parts, and that they disclose not their natural and artificial beauty except that which is apparent thereof, and that they draw their head-coverings over their bosoms, and that they disclose not their beauty save to their husbands, or to their fathers, or the fathers of their husbands or their sons or the sons of their husbands or their brothers, or the sons of their brothers, or the sons of their sisters, or their women, or what their right hands possess, or such of male attendants as have no sexual appetite, or young children who have no knowledge of the hidden parts of women. And they strike not their feet so that what they hide of their ornaments may become known. And turn ye to Allah all together, O believers, that you may succeed.[2614]
2614. Important Words:
خمرھن (their head-coverings). خمر is the plural of خمار which is derived from خمر which means, he veiled, covered or concealed a thing. خمار means, a woman’s muffler or veil with which she covers her head and the lower part of the face leaving exposed only the eyes and part of the nose; a woman’s head-covering; a piece of cloth with which a woman covers her head; also a man’s turban (Lane & Aqrab).
جیوبھن (their bosoms). جیوب is the plural of جیب which is derived from جاب. They say جابه i.e. he made a hole in it; he rent it or tore it; he pierced or bored it; he cut it. جاب القمیص means, he hollowed out the جیب of the shirt, he cut the جیب of the shirt or he made a جیب in the shirt. جیب means, the opening at the neck and bosom of a shirt and the like; a pocket; the heart; the bosom (Lane & Aqrab).
إربة (sexual appetite) is derived from أرب (aruba), or أرب (ariba). The former means he was or became cunning, intelligent, sagacious or excellent in judgement and the latter, i.e. ariba, means, he wanted it, he was or became in want of it and sought it or desired it. إربة and إرب (irbun) and أرب (arabun) mean the same thing, viz. cunning, intelligence, excellence of judgement, sagacity; want of need. About the Holy Prophet it is said in a hadith کان أملککم لاربه i.e. he had the greatest control over his want, desire or sexual desire (Bukhari). The Quranic words غیر اولی الاربه mean, idiots, or persons deficient in intellect or such men as have no need of women; or have no sexual desire (Lane & Mufradat).
عورات (private parts or nakedness) is the plural of عورة which is derived from عور which means, he was or became blind in one eye. عورة means, the pendulum or pudenda of a man and of a woman; the part or parts of a person which are indecent to expose; parts between the navel and the knee; anything that a man veils or conceals by reason of disdainful pride or of shame or prudency; anything of which one is ashamed when it appears; a woman; any place of concealment; a gap, an opening or a breach in the frontier of hostile country, or in war from which one fears slaughter; cleft or fissure; disgrace or disfigurement; blindness of one eye (Lane & Aqrab).
نسائھن (their women) signifies known or familiar decent women.
Commentary:
As a good deal of misunderstanding and lack of proper knowledge as to what constitutes Islamic "purdah" prevails even among Muslims, a somewhat detailed note on this much-vexed question is called for. Here are the relevant Quranic verses that embody necessary commandments about "purdah":
(i) O Prophet, tell thy wives and thy daughters and the women of the believers that they should let down over them their loose outer garments. It is more likely that they will thus be distinguished and not molested (33:60).
The Arabic word used in this verse is جلابیب of which the singular is جلباب meaning, an outer or wrapping garment; a head-covering; the garment with which a woman covers her head and bosom.
(ii) And say to the believing women that they restrain their eyes and guard their private parts and that they disclose not their natural and artificial beauty except that which is apparent thereof, and that they cast their head-coverings over their bosoms, and that they disclose not their beauty…(24:32 i.e. the verse under comment.)
(iii) O wives of the Prophet, you are not like any other women if you are righteous. So be not soft in speech, lest he in whose heart is a disease should feel tempted; and speak a decent speech. And stay in your houses with dignity and do not show off yourselves like the showing off of the former days of ignorance (33:33-34).
(iv) O ye who believe, let those whom your right hands possess, and those of you who have not attained to puberty, ask permission of you three times before coming into your presence: before the morning Prayer, and when you take off clothes at noon in summer and after the night Prayer (24:59).
The following inferences are clearly deducible from the verses quoted above:
(i) When they go out, Muslim women are to wear an outer and wrapping garment which should cover their heads and bosoms in such a manner that the garment should come down from the head to the bosom covering the whole body including the face. This is the significance of the Quranic words یدنین علیھن من جلابیبھن (33:60). The outer garment is intended to make known the fact that while a Muslim woman goes about her business she may be spared the mental anguish of being stared at by persons of questionable character.
(ii) Muslim men and women are to restrain their eyes when they happen to face each other.
(iii) The third commandment though apparently applying to the wives of the Prophet, includes, as is the practice of the Quran, other Muslim women also. The words "And stay in your houses" imply that whereas women may go out when necessary, the principal and primary sphere of their activities is inside the house.
(iv) At three stated hours, even children are not allowed to enter the private apartments of their parents nor are domestic servants or female slaves allowed to enter the sleeping room of their masters.
The first commandment applies to women when they go out. Then they are to use an outer garment which should cover their whole body including the face. The second commandment relates to "purdah" primarily inside the four walls of the house when near male relatives frequently come and go. In that case men and women are only to restrain their looks and as an additional precaution women are to take care that their زینة i.e. beauty of person, dress and ornaments, is not displayed. They are not required to use جلباب (outer garment) because that would be very irksome and even impracticable in view of the free and frequent visits of near blood relations such as cousins, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, etc. The context shows that this commandment relates to "purdah" inside the four walls of the house, because all the persons mentioned in the verse are very near relations who generally visit the houses of their relatives. The special mention in it of four categories of persons besides near relatives, viz. decent women, old servants, female slaves and minor boys, lends additional weight to the inference that the commandment in this verse relates to "purdah" within the four walls of the house.
The fact that the first commandment refers to "purdah" outside the house and the second commandment basically refers to "purdah" within the four walls of the house is also apparent from the different words that have been used to express the two forms of "purdah" in the relevant verses i.e. 33:60, and the verse under comment. Whereas in 33:60 the garment which a woman is to use when she goes out is جلباب the garment which she has to use inside the house when relatives visit is خمار. Moreover, whereas in 33:60 the words used are یدنین علیھن من جلابیبھن i.e. they should let down over them their outer garments (for a detailed discussion of جلباب and یدنین see 33:60); in the verse under comment the words used are یضربن بخمرھن علی جیوبھن i.e. they should cast their head-coverings over their bosoms. It is clear that in the former case the garment will cover the head, the face and the bosom while in the latter case only the head and the bosom will become covered and the face may remain uncovered.
It may also be noted in passing that the shape and form of the outer-garment which, as mentioned above, a woman must wear when she goes out and which covers her whole body including the face will vary according to the customs, habits, social status, family traditions and usages of various classes of the Muslim community. The commandment with regard to "purdah" within the four walls of the house will also apply to shops, fields, etc. where women of certain sections of Muslim society have to work to earn their living. There a woman will not be required to veil her face. She will have only to restrain her eyes and to cover her زینة i.e. her ornaments and other embellishments, as women within the house have to do when their relatives visit them.
The third commandment requires women to behave with dignity bordering on austerity when talking to stranger men; and they are also required to give their full attention to the discharge of their serious and important duties in regard to the affairs connected with the well-being of their own sex and the management of the household affairs and to looking after and bringing up of children and kindred matters. The fourth commandment enjoins husband and wife to have, as far as possible, sleeping apartments separate from those of other members of the family which even minor boys are not allowed to enter at stated hours.
In the expression لا یبدین زینتھن i.e. they display not their زینة (beauty), the word زینة includes both natural and artificial beauty. It signifies the beauty of person, and includes the beauty of dress and ornaments which women wear on their hands, feet, ears, arms, necks, bosoms, etc. The expression, "except that which is apparent thereof," contains all those things which it is not possible for a woman to cover such as her voice, gait or stature and also certain parts of her body which remain uncovered according to her social status, her family traditions, her avocation and the customs of the society. The permission to keep certain parts of the body uncovered will be subject to certain variations. Thus the words, "they display not their beauty" will have different connotations with regard to women belonging to different sections and grades of society and the connotation will change with the change in the customs and modes of living and professions of the people.
The words "and let them not strike their feet so that what they hide of their ornaments may become known," show that public dancing which is so much in vogue in certain countries is definitely not allowed by Islam.
This is the Islamic conception of "purdah." According to it Muslim women may go out as often as it is legitimately necessary for them to do so, but their primary and principal functions are confined to their homes which are as important and serious, if not more, as the avocations of men are. If women take to men’s avocations they seek to defy nature and nature does not allow its laws to be defied with impunity.
If would be noticed that the incident about ‘A’ishah which forms one of the principal subjects of this Surah sheds a flood of light on the form of "purdah" which Islam enjoins its followers to observe. According to tradition when Safwan came to the place where ‘A’ishah was lying asleep with her face uncovered, he recognized her because he had seen her, as he himself afterwards said, before the verse about "purdah" was revealed (Bukhari, Kitabut-Tafsir). (close)
اُردو
اور مومن عورتوں سے کہہ دے کہ وہ اپنی آنکھیں نیچی رکھا کریں اور اپنی شرم گاہوں کی حفاظت کریں اور اپنی زینت ظاہر نہ کیا کریں سوائے اس کے کہ جو اس میں سے ازخود ظاہر ہو۔اور اپنے گریبانوں پر اپنی اوڑھنیاں ڈال لیا کریں۔ اور اپنی زینتیں ظاہر نہ کیا کریں مگر اپنے خاوندوں کے لئے یا اپنے باپوں یا اپنے خاوندوں کے باپوں یا اپنے بیٹوں کے لئے یا اپنے خاوندوں کے بیٹوں کے لئے یا اپنے بھائیوں یا اپنے بھائیوں کے بیٹوں یا اپنی بہنوں کے بیٹوں یا اپنی عورتوں یا اپنے زیرنگیں مردوں کے لئے یا مردوں میں ایسے خادموں کے لئے جو کوئی (جنسی) حاجت نہیں رکھتے یا ایسے بچوں کے لئے جو عورتوں کی پردہ دار جگہوں سے بے خبر ہیں۔ اور وہ اپنے پاؤں اس طرح نہ ماریں کہ (لوگوں پر) وہ ظاہر کردیا جائے جو (عورتیں عموماً) اپنی زینت میں سے چھپاتی ہیں۔ اور اے مومنو! تم سب کے سب اللہ کی طرف توبہ کرتے ہوئے جھکو تاکہ تم کامیاب ہو جاؤ۔
اُردو تفسیر صغیر
اور مومن عورتوں سے کہہ دے کہ وہ بھی اپنی آنکھیں نیچی رکھا کریں اور اپنی شرم گاہوں کی حفاظت کیا کریں اور اپنی زینت کو ظاہر نہ کیا کریں سوائے اس کے جو آپ ہی آپ بے اختیار ظاہر ہوتی ہو۔ اور اپنی اوڑھنیوں کو اپنے سینہ پر سے گذار کر اور اس کو ڈھانک کر پہنا کریں‘ اور وہ صرف اپنے خاوندوں‘ یا اپنے باپوں‘ یا اپنے خاوندوں کے باپوں‘ یا اپنے بیٹوں‘ یا اپنے خاوندوں کے بیٹوں‘ یا اپنے بھائیوں یا اپنے بھائیوں کے بیٹوں‘ یا اپنی بہنوں کے بیٹوں‘یا اپنی (ہم کفو) عورتوں‘ یا جن کے مالک ان کے داہنے ہاتھ ہوئے ہیں یا ایسے ماتحت مردوں پر جو ابھی جوان نہیں ہوئے‘ یا ایسے بچوں پر جن کو ابھی عورتوں کے خاص تعلقات کا علم حاصل نہیں ہوا‘ اپنی زینت ظاہر کریں (ان کے سوا کسی پر ظاہر نہ کریں) اور اپنے پاٶں (زور سے زمین پر) اس لئے نہ مارا کریں کہ وہ چیز ظاہر ہو جائے جس کو وہ اپنی زینت سے چھپا رہی ہیں‘ اور اے مومنو! سب کے سب اللہ کی طرف رجوع کرو تا کہ تم کامیاب ہو جاٶ۔
Français
Et dis aux croyantes qu’elles restreignent leurs yeux et veillent sur leurs parties intimes, et elles ne doivent pas exposer leur beauté naturelle et ses parures, excepté ce qui en est apparent de soi, et qu’elles tirent sur leurs poitrines leurs voiles dont elles se couvrent la tête, et elles ne doivent pas exposer leur beauté naturelle et ses parures excepté à leurs maris, ou à leurs pères, ou aux pères de leurs maris, ou à leurs fils, ou aux fils de leurs maris, ou à leurs frères, ou aux fils de leurs frères, ou aux fils de leurs sœurs, ou à leurs femmes, ou à ceux que leurs mains droites possèdent, ou à de tels serviteurs mâles qui sont dépourvus de vils désirs, ou aux jeunes enfants qui n’ont pas encore aucune conscience des parties intimes des femmes. Et qu’elles ne marchent pas avec une telle démarche que des aspects de leur beauté qu’elles dissimulent normalement soient révélés. Et tournez-vous vers Allāh tous ensemble avec repentir, ô croyants, afin que vous puissiez réussir.
Español
Y di a las mujeres creyentes que recaten su mirada y protejan sus partes privadas, y no muestren su belleza y sus adornos, excepto lo que sea visible de ellos, y coloquen sus velos sobre sus pechos, y no muestren su belleza y sus ornamentos más que a sus maridos, o a sus padres, o a los padres de sus maridos o a sus hijos, o a los hijos de sus maridos, o a sus hermanos, o a los hijos de sus hermanos, o a los hijos de sus hermanas o a sus mujeres o a lo que poseen sus diestras o a aquellos de los criados varones que no tengan maldad, o a los niños que no han llegado a tener conocimiento de las partes privadas de las mujeres. Y que no caminen de manera que pueda mostrarse lo que ocultan de su belleza. Y volveos todos juntos a Al‑lah, Oh creyentes, para que triunféis.
Deutsch
Und sprich zu den gläubigen Frauen, dass sie ihre Blicke zu Boden schlagen und ihre Keuschheit wahren sollen und dass sie ihre Reize nicht zur Schau tragen sollen, bis auf das, was davon sichtbar sein muss, und dass sie ihre Tücher über ihren Busen ziehen sollen und ihre Reize vor niemandem enthüllen als vor ihren Gatten, oder ihren Vätern, oder den Vätern ihrer Gatten, oder ihren Söhnen, oder den Söhnen ihrer Gatten, oder ihren Brüdern, oder den Söhnen ihrer Brüder, oder den Söhnen ihrer Schwestern, oder ihren Frauen, oder denen, die ihre Rechte besitzen, oder solchen von ihren männlichen Dienern, die keinen Geschlechtstrieb haben, und den Kindern, die von der Blöße der Frauen nichts wissen. Und sie sollen ihre Füße nicht zusammenschlagen, so dass bekannt wird, was sie von ihrem Zierat verbergen. Und bekehret euch zu Allah insgesamt, o ihr Gläubigen, auf dass ihr erfolgreich seiet.
وَ اَنۡکِحُوا الۡاَیَامٰی مِنۡکُمۡ وَ الصّٰلِحِیۡنَ مِنۡ عِبَادِکُمۡ وَ اِمَآئِکُمۡ ؕ اِنۡ یَّکُوۡنُوۡا فُقَرَآءَ یُغۡنِہِمُ اللّٰہُ مِنۡ فَضۡلِہٖ ؕ وَ اللّٰہُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِیۡمٌ ﴿۳۳﴾
وَأَنكِحُواْ ٱلۡأَيَٰمَىٰ مِنكُمۡ وَٱلصَّـٰلِحِينَ مِنۡ عِبَادِكُمۡ وَإِمَآئِكُمۡۚ إِن يَكُونُواْ فُقَرَآءَ يُغۡنِهِمُ ٱللَّهُ مِن فَضۡلِهِۦۗ وَٱللَّهُ وَٰسِعٌ عَلِيمٞ
English
And marry widows from among you, and your male slaves and female slaves who are fit for marriage. If they be poor, Allah will grant them means out of His bounty; and Allah is Bountiful, All-knowing.
English Short Commentary
And arrange marriages for widows[2045] from among you, and for your male slaves and female slaves who are fit for marriage. If they be poor, Allah will grant them means out of His bounty; and Allah is Bountiful, All-Knowing.
2045. Ayama is the plural of Ayyim which means, a woman having no husband, whether she be a virgin or not, or whether she had married before or not; a free woman (Lane); also a man having no wife (Mufradat). The marriage of widows and virgins is strongly urged. In fact, Islam views with extreme disfavour the unmarried state and regards the married state as the normal and natural one. The Holy Prophet is reported to have said: 'Marriage is my Sunnah (usage or practice) and whoso disapproves and forsakes my Sunnah is not of me' (Muslim, Kitabun-Nikah). (close)
English Five Volume Commentary
And marry widows from among you, and your male slaves and female slaves who are fit for marriage. If they be poor, Allah will grant them means out of His bounty; and Allah is Bountiful, All-knowing.[2615]
2615. Important Words:
أیامٰی (widows) is the plural of أیم (ayyimun) which is derived from آم which means, he had no wife or he lost his wife by her death and he did not marry. They say آمت من زوجھا i.e. she became bereft of her husband by his death or by being slain and remained without marrying. آمت also means, she had no husband, said of a virgin and of one who is not a virgin. أیم(ayyimun) means, a woman having no husband, whether she be a virgin or not, or whether she had married before or not; a free woman, (Lane & Aqrab) also a man having no wife Mufradat).
Commentary:
As mentioned above, this Surah deals with some of those very heinous moral evils which if ignored and neglected are calculated to eat into the vitals of the society and shake its very foundations. One of these evils is adultery. In the preceding verses the Surah has dealt with some of the causes that lead to the birth, growth and prevalence of this fell moral disease. Two of these causes are scandal-mongering and free and indiscriminate intermingling of the sexes and the third is that some women—widows or virgins, come to conceive a strong dislike for leading a married life, or their guardians, in order to further their own nefarious ends, stand in the way of their marriage. In the verse under comment the Quran has strongly urged the marriage of widows and virgins, the word أیامی covers both of them. In fact, Islam views with extreme disfavour the unmarried state. It regards the married state as the normal state. The Holy Prophet is reported to have said: النکاح من سنتی و من رغب عن سنتی فلیس منی i.e. "marriage is my 'sunnat' (usage or practice) and whoso disapproves and forsakes my sunnat, is not of me" (Muslim, Kitabun-Nikah).
Preponderance of unmarried women in a society is sure to tell adversely on its whole moral tone. The refusal on the part of unmarried women to accept the responsibilities of married life has led to the prevalence of moral laxity to which the west seems to have fallen a helpless victim. The verse strongly discourages unmarried life and does not recognize poverty as a bar to marriage. (close)
اُردو
اور تمہارے درمیان جو بیوائیں ہیں ان کی بھی شادیاں کراؤ اور اسی طرح جو تمہارے غلاموں اور لونڈیوں میں سے نیک چلن ہوں ان کی بھی شادی کراؤ۔ اگر وہ غریب ہوں تو اللہ اپنے فضل سے انہیں غنی بنا دے گا اور اللہ بہت وسعت عطا کرنے والا (اور) دائمی علم رکھنے والا ہے۔
اُردو تفسیر صغیر
اور اپنے میں سے جو بیوائیں ہیں اور جو اپنے غلاموں یا لونڈیوں میں سے نیک ہوں‘ ان کی شادیاں کر دیا کرو۔ اگر وہ غریب ہیں تو اللہ اپنے فضل سے ان کو غنی بنا دے گا اور اللہ بہت وسعت رکھنے والا (اور) بہت جاننے والا ہے۔
Français
Et mariez les veuves parmi vous, et ceux de vos esclaves, hommes et femmes, qui sont bons pour le mariage. S’ils sont pauvres, Allāh leur accordera des moyens de Sa munificence ; et Allāh est Munificent, Omniscient.
Español
Y casad a las viudas de entre vosotros, y a vuestros esclavos y esclavas que sean apropiados para el matrimonio. Si son pobres, Al‑lah les concederá medios de Su Magnanimidad; pues Al‑lah es Magnánimo, Omnisciente.
Deutsch
Und verheiratet eure Witwen und die (heirats-)fähigen unter euren Sklaven (Kriegsgefangenen), männliche wie weibliche. Wenn sie arm sind, so wird Allah sie aus Seiner Fülle reich machen, denn Allah ist freigebig, allwissend.
وَ لۡیَسۡتَعۡفِفِ الَّذِیۡنَ لَا یَجِدُوۡنَ نِکَاحًا حَتّٰی یُغۡنِیَہُمُ اللّٰہُ مِنۡ فَضۡلِہٖ ؕ وَ الَّذِیۡنَ یَبۡتَغُوۡنَ الۡکِتٰبَ مِمَّا مَلَکَتۡ اَیۡمَانُکُمۡ فَکَاتِبُوۡہُمۡ اِنۡ عَلِمۡتُمۡ فِیۡہِمۡ خَیۡرًا ٭ۖ وَّ اٰتُوۡہُمۡ مِّنۡ مَّالِ اللّٰہِ الَّذِیۡۤ اٰتٰٮکُمۡ ؕ وَ لَا تُکۡرِہُوۡا فَتَیٰتِکُمۡ عَلَی الۡبِغَآءِ اِنۡ اَرَدۡنَ تَحَصُّنًا لِّتَبۡتَغُوۡا عَرَضَ الۡحَیٰوۃِ الدُّنۡیَا ؕ وَ مَنۡ یُّکۡرِہۡہُّنَّ فَاِنَّ اللّٰہَ مِنۡۢ بَعۡدِ اِکۡرَاہِہِنَّ غَفُوۡرٌ رَّحِیۡمٌ ﴿۳۴﴾
وَلۡيَسۡتَعۡفِفِ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ نِكَاحًا حَتَّىٰ يُغۡنِيَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِن فَضۡلِهِۦۗ وَٱلَّذِينَ يَبۡتَغُونَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ مِمَّا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡ فَكَاتِبُوهُمۡ إِنۡ عَلِمۡتُمۡ فِيهِمۡ خَيۡرٗاۖ وَءَاتُوهُم مِّن مَّالِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّذِيٓ ءَاتَىٰكُمۡۚ وَلَا تُكۡرِهُواْ فَتَيَٰتِكُمۡ عَلَى ٱلۡبِغَآءِ إِنۡ أَرَدۡنَ تَحَصُّنٗا لِّتَبۡتَغُواْ عَرَضَ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَاۚ وَمَن يُكۡرِههُّنَّ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ إِكۡرَٰهِهِنَّ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ
English
And those who find no means of marriage should keep themselves chaste, until Allah grants them means out of His bounty. And such as desire a deed of manumission in writing from among those whom your right hands possess, write it for them if you know any good in them; and give them out of the wealth of Allah which He has bestowed upon you. And force not your maids to unchaste life by keeping them unmarried if they desire to keep chaste, in order that you may seek the gain of the present life. But if any one forces them, then after their compulsion Allah will be Forgiving and Merciful to them.
English Short Commentary
And let those who find no means of marriage keep themselves chaste, until Allah grants them means out of His bounty. And such as desire a deed of manumission[2046] in writing from among those whom your right hands possess, write it for them if you know any good in them; and give them out of the wealth of Allah which He has bestowed upon you. And force not your maids into unchaste life by keeping them unmarried if they desire to keep chaste, in order that you may seek the gain of the present life. But if anyone forces them, then after their compulsion Allah will be Forgiving and Merciful to them.
2046. Mukatabah (deed of manumission) is a written contract by means of which a slave could earn his or her emancipation, independently and irrespective of the fact whether his or her master likes it or not. According to this contract a definite amount of money or labour is fixed as the price of the freedom of the slave. (close)
English Five Volume Commentary
And those who find no means of marriage should keep themselves chaste, until Allah grants them means out of His bounty. And such as desire a deed of manumission in writing from among those whom your right hands possess, write it for them if you know any good in them; and give them out of the wealth of Allah which He has bestowed upon you. And force not your maids to unchaste life by keeping them unmarried if they desire to keep chaste, in order that you may seek the gain of the present life. But if any one forces them, then after their compulsion Allah will be Forgiving and Merciful to them.[2616]
2616. Important Words:
کاتبوھم (write it for them). کاتب (kataba) is derived from کتب (kataba) which means, he wrote; he made a thing obligatory; or he prescribed a law. کتب اللّٰه لاغلبن انا ورسلی i.e. Allah has decreed or has made it obligatory upon Himself that He and His Messengers will prevail (58:22). کاتب العبد means, he made a written contract with the slave that the latter shall pay a certain sum as the price of his emancipation and then he shall earn his freedom (Lane & Aqrab). This civil written contract by means of which a slave can earn his manumission is called مکاتبة (mukatabat).
تحصنا (keeping chaste) is derived from حصن, meaning, he or it was or became inaccessible, fortified or protected against attack. حصنت المرأة means, the woman was chaste i.e. protected herself against moral or sexual sinfulness. أحصنت المرأة means, the woman got married or she was chaste. تحصن (tahassana) means, he fortified himself or he entered the حصن i.e. fortress; or he protected himself by it; he guarded or protected himself in any way. تحصنت المرأة means, she was chaste (Lane & Aqrab). See also 4:25.
The expression ان علمتم فیھم خیراً (if you know any good in them) may mean (1) if you know that they are fit to work and earn their living; (2) if you know that after their manumission they will become useful members of the society.
Commentary:
We maintain that of all Divine Messengers and Prophets of God, of all Founders of different creeds, Faiths and religious systems, of all social reformers and philanthropists and of all those teachers and leaders of men, who, at any time, in any land and in any form, contributed to the social uplift and moral and spiritual regeneration of humanity, the share of Muhammad, the Holy Prophet of Islam, was by far the largest. And one of the greatest services to mankind of this greatest and noblest of men was his unequivocal and emphatic condemnation of, and the effective measures he took to abolish those social injustices that were practised by one section of humanity against another. His mind rebelled and revolted against the then prevalent idea that man could be bought, sold and treated by man like chattels. His ideal of human brotherhood and the inborn and inherent equality of all men could scarcely be reconciled with the practice of slavery which was so widespread as to have become inextricably interwoven and deeply rooted in the social conditions and ideas of his time. His heart burnt to see the iniquities and enormities practised by man upon man. He grieved and pined for this unfortunate section of humanity. He would, if he could, abolish altogether by a stroke of the pen a system so repugnant and revolting, so destructive of all noble human instincts, of all that distinguishes man from beast and brute. But this institution had become an integral part of the whole fabric of human society in his time. To abolish it all of a sudden was neither wise, nor practicable or even possible. It should have meant a death-blow to the entire existing social order. The sudden emancipation in hundreds of thousands of those persons who having been held in bondage for generations had lost all initiative to lead an independent life, would have seriously told upon the whole moral tone of society. Jobless and workless they would have stooped to all sorts of immoral acts. This was exactly what the Holy Prophet sought to avoid and he did succeed in avoiding it. On the other hand, he laid down precepts and injunctions which were calculated to do away with slavery gradually but surely and effectively.
These injunctions were of two categories:
(i) Temporary provisions bearing upon the general improvement and betterment of the moral and social conditions of the existing slaves and their speedy enfranchisement. Slaves were to be treated as members of the family as long as they were in bondage, and at the same time it was declared as a most heinous crime tantamount to murder to deprive a free man of his freedom and reduce him to slavery (Muslim Kitabul-Iman). But those persons were excepted from this commandment who should themselves incur the loss of their freedom by participating in a war undertaken to destroy Islam and to impose their own beliefs and doctrines upon the Muslims at the point of the sword. Even this denial of freedom to war prisoners was to last only till those prisoners had discharged their share of the guilt, either by paying off their part of the cost of war by getting themselves ransomed or by the Muslims themselves setting them free as an act of favour which the Quran has so repeatedly and emphatically enjoined on them (47:5). See also 23:7.
(ii) Provisions of a permanent nature aiming at the complete and total extinction of slavery in every shape or form. One of such provisions by means of which a slave could earn his emancipation, independently and irrespective of the fact whether his master liked it or not, was that he could enter into a civil written contract with the latter. It is this written contract which is known as mukatabat (deed of manumission) and to which the verse under comment refers. According to this contract a definite amount of money or labour is fixed as the price of the freedom of a slave. After the contract is duly written and attested the slave is considered as manumitted and is free to earn the required amount of money by any legitimate means he likes. After he has paid the whole stipulated sum he is quite free. As to whether the slave is fit to enter into a contract of the above nature with his master is to be decided by the State and not by the master of the slave and also the amount of the money he has to pay and the manner and the time-limit of the payment. No choice is left to the owner if the slave applies for such a contract and the State considers him eligible to it with the conditions and stipulations proposed by it but to accept it. By this excellent arrangement Islam sought to secure to all slaves, who could not otherwise obtain freedom, their full emancipation and liberty, at the same time steering clear of the terrible social and moral evils to which the whole Muslim society would have fallen a helpless victim if slavery had been abolished with a stroke of the pen.
The verse has further urged the wealthy and the rich Muslims to help, with their money, those slaves who enter into mukatabat with their masters, to earn their emancipation.
The words ومن یکرھھن (but if anyone forces them to remain unmarried) signify that the responsibility of keeping them from marriage will be that of their masters. They will not be accountable for this default. (close)
اُردو
اور وہ لوگ جو نکاح کی توفیق نہیں پاتے انہیں چاہئیے کہ اپنے آپ کو بچائے رکھیں یہاں تک کہ اللہ انہیں اپنے فضل سے مالدار بنا دے۔ اور تمہارے جو غلام تمہیں معاوضہ دے کر اپنی آزادی کا تحریری معاہدہ کرنا چاہیں اگر تم ان کے اندر صلاحیت پاؤ تو اُن کو تحریری معاہدہ کے ساتھ آزاد کر دو۔ اور وہ مال جو اللہ نے تمہیں عطا کیا ہے اس میں سے کچھ اُن کو بھی دو۔ اور اپنی لونڈیوں کو اگر وہ شادی کرنا چاہیں تو (روک کر مخفی) بدکاری پر مجبور نہ کرو تاکہ تم دنیوی زندگی کا فائدہ چاہو۔ اور اگر کوئی ان کو بے بس کردے گا تو ان کے بے بس کئے جانے کے بعد یقیناً اللہ بہت بخشنے والا (اور) بار بار رحم کرنے والا ہے۔
اُردو تفسیر صغیر
اور چاہیئے کہ وہ لوگ جن کو نکاح کی توفیق نہیں پاکیزگی اختیار کریں‘ یہاں تک کہ اللہ ان کو اپنے فضل سے غنی بنا دے‘ اور تمہارے غلاموں میں سے جو لوگ مکاتبت کا مطالبہ کریں اگر تم ان میں بھلائی دیکھو تو ان سے مکاتبت کر لو اور (اگر ان کے پاس پورا مال نہ ہو تو) جو اللہ نے تم کو مال دیا ہے اس میں سے کچھ مال دے (کر ان کی آزادی ممکن بنا) دو۔ اور تم اپنی لونڈیوں کو بدکاری پر مجبور نہ کرو اگر وہ نیک رہنا چاہتی ہوں‘ تا کہ تم اس ذریعہ سے دنیوی زندگی کا سامان جمع کرو۔ اورجو کوئی ان کو مجبور کرے۔ تو اللہ ان عورتوں کی مجبوری کے بعد بہت بخشنے والا (اور) باربار رحم کرنے والا ہے (وہ ان پر گرفت نہیں کرے گا) ۔
Français
Et ceux qui ne trouvent point de moyens pour le mariage doivent se garder chastes jusqu’à ce qu’Allāh leur octroie des moyens de par Sa libéralité. Et ceux de vos esclaves qui désirent que soit établi sous forme de contrat un acte d’affranchissement, rédigez-le pour eux si vous trouvez en eux quelque bien potentiel et donnez-leur à partir de ces biens qui appartiennent en réalité à Allāh qu’Il vous a octroyés. Et, dans le but de vous procurer des gains de la vie de ce monde, ne poussez pas vos servantes à une vie impudique en les gardant non-mariées, si elles désirent rester chastes, Mais si quelqu’un les contraint, alors, après qu’elles aient été contraintes, Allāh sera Très- Pardonnant et Miséricordieux envers elles.
Español
Y quienes no encuentren medios para el matrimonio, deben conservarse castos hasta que Al‑lah les conceda medios de Su agnanimidad. Y aquellos de vuestros esclavos que desean contratar una escritura de emancipación, extendédsela si veis que poseen lguna buena capacidad; y dadles de la riqueza que verdaderamente pertenece a Al‑lah y que Él os ha oncedido. No forcéis a vuestras esclavas a una vida impura manteniéndolas sin casar si desean conservarse castas, para buscar ganancias en la vida presente. Mas si alguno las fuerza, en verdad, Al‑lah, después de haber sido obligadas, será Indulgente y Misericordioso con ellas.
Deutsch
Und diejenigen, die keine (Gelegenheit) zur Ehe finden, sollen sich keusch halten, bis Allah sie aus Seiner Fülle reich macht. Und jene, die eure Rechte besitzen – wenn welche von ihnen eine Freilassungsurkunde begehren, stellt sie ihnen aus, falls ihr in ihnen Gutes wisset; und gebet ihnen von Allahs Reichtum, den Er euch gegeben hat. Und zwingt eure Mägde nicht zur Unzucht (indem ihr sie nicht verheiratet), wenn sie keusch zu bleiben wünschen, nur damit ihr die Güter des irdischen Lebens erlanget. Zwingt sie aber einer, dann wird Allah gewiss allvergebend und barmherzig (zu ihnen) sein nach ihrem Zwang.
وَ لَقَدۡ اَنۡزَلۡنَاۤ اِلَیۡکُمۡ اٰیٰتٍ مُّبَیِّنٰتٍ وَّ مَثَلًا مِّنَ الَّذِیۡنَ خَلَوۡا مِنۡ قَبۡلِکُمۡ وَ مَوۡعِظَۃً لِّلۡمُتَّقِیۡنَ ﴿٪۳۵﴾
وَلَقَدۡ أَنزَلۡنَآ إِلَيۡكُمۡ ءَايَٰتٖ مُّبَيِّنَٰتٖ وَمَثَلٗا مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ خَلَوۡاْ مِن قَبۡلِكُمۡ وَمَوۡعِظَةٗ لِّلۡمُتَّقِينَ
English
And We sent down to you manifest Signs, and the example of those who have passed away before you, and an exhortation to the God-fearing.
English Short Commentary
[a]And We have sent down to you manifest Signs, and have related to you the example of those who have passed away before you, and an admonition to the God-fearing.
English Five Volume Commentary
[a]And We sent down to you manifest Signs, and the example of those who have passed away before you, and an exhortation to the God-fearing.[2617]
2617. Commentary:
The verse purports to say that the highly illuminating and useful teaching which is embodied in the preceding verses is revealed by God that it may save Muslims from those deadly social evils of which mention has been made above and also from many others which flow from them. (close)
اُردو
اور ہم نے تمہاری طرف روشن کر دینے والی آیات اُتاری ہیں اور ان لوگوں کا نمونہ بھی جو تم سے پہلے گزر گئے اور متقیوں کے لئے نصیحت ۔
اُردو تفسیر صغیر
اور ہم نے تم پر کھلے کھلے نشانات اتارے ہیں اور جو لوگ تم سے پہلے گذر چکے ہیں ان کے حالات بھی بیان کیے ہیں اور متقیوں کے لئے نصیحت کی باتیں بھی بیان کی ہیں۔
Français
Et Nous vous avons envoyé des Signes manifestes, et Nous vous avons relaté l’exemple de ceux qui vous ont devancés, et une exhortation à ceux qui craignent Allāh.
Español
Os hemos revelado Signos manifiestos, y el ejemplo de los que vivieron antes que vosotros y una exhortación para los que temen a Dios.
Deutsch
Wir haben euch deutliche Zeichen niedergesandt und das Beispiel derer, die vor euch dahingingen, und eine Ermahnung für die Gottesfürchtigen.
اَللّٰہُ نُوۡرُ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ الۡاَرۡضِ ؕ مَثَلُ نُوۡرِہٖ کَمِشۡکٰوۃٍ فِیۡہَا مِصۡبَاحٌ ؕ اَلۡمِصۡبَاحُ فِیۡ زُجَاجَۃٍ ؕ اَلزُّجَاجَۃُ کَاَنَّہَا کَوۡکَبٌ دُرِّیٌّ یُّوۡقَدُ مِنۡ شَجَرَۃٍ مُّبٰرَکَۃٍ زَیۡتُوۡنَۃٍ لَّا شَرۡقِیَّۃٍ وَّ لَا غَرۡبِیَّۃٍ ۙ یَّکَادُ زَیۡتُہَا یُضِیۡٓءُ وَ لَوۡ لَمۡ تَمۡسَسۡہُ نَارٌ ؕ نُوۡرٌ عَلٰی نُوۡرٍ ؕ یَہۡدِی اللّٰہُ لِنُوۡرِہٖ مَنۡ یَّشَآءُ ؕ وَ یَضۡرِبُ اللّٰہُ الۡاَمۡثَالَ لِلنَّاسِ ؕ وَ اللّٰہُ بِکُلِّ شَیۡءٍ عَلِیۡمٌ ﴿ۙ۳۶﴾
۞ٱللَّهُ نُورُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ مَثَلُ نُورِهِۦ كَمِشۡكَوٰةٖ فِيهَا مِصۡبَاحٌۖ ٱلۡمِصۡبَاحُ فِي زُجَاجَةٍۖ ٱلزُّجَاجَةُ كَأَنَّهَا كَوۡكَبٞ دُرِّيّٞ يُوقَدُ مِن شَجَرَةٖ مُّبَٰرَكَةٖ زَيۡتُونَةٖ لَّا شَرۡقِيَّةٖ وَلَا غَرۡبِيَّةٖ يَكَادُ زَيۡتُهَا يُضِيٓءُ وَلَوۡ لَمۡ تَمۡسَسۡهُ نَارٞۚ نُّورٌ عَلَىٰ نُورٖۚ يَهۡدِي ٱللَّهُ لِنُورِهِۦ مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَيَضۡرِبُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡأَمۡثَٰلَ لِلنَّاسِۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمٞ
English
Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth. The similitude of His light is as a lustrous niche, wherein is a lamp. The lamp is in a glass. The glass is as it were a glittering star. It is lit from a blessed tree — an olive — neither of the east nor of the west, whose oil would well-nigh glow forth even though fire touched it not. Light upon light! Allah guides to His light whomsoever He will. And Allah sets forth parables to men, and Allah knows all things full well.
English Short Commentary
Allah is the Light[2046A] of the heavens and the earth. His light is as if there were a lustrous niche,[2046B] wherein is a lamp. The lamp is inside a glass-globe.[2046C] The globe is, as it were, a glittering star. The lamp is lit from the oil of a blessed tree—an olive— neither of the East nor of the West, whose oil well-nigh would shine forth even though fire touched it not. Light upon light! Allah guides to His light whomsoever He pleases. And Allah sets forth parables for men, and Allah knows all things full well.[2047]
2046A. Nur means, light as opposed to darkness. It is more extensive and more penetrating as well as more lasting in its significance than Diya’ (Lane). (close)
2046B. Mishkat means, a niche in a wall, i.e. a hole or hollow in a wall, not extending through, in which a lamp placed gives more light than it gives elsewhere; a pillar on the top of which the lamp is put (Lane). (close)
2046C. Zujajah means a glass; a globe of glass (Lane). (close)
2047. The verse is a beautiful metaphor. It speaks of three things—a lamp, a glass-globe and a niche. The Divine Light is stated to have been confined to these three things which combined together make its brightness and effulgence complete and perfect. 'The lamp' is the very source of the light; the 'glass-globe' which is over the lamp protects its light from being extinguished by the puffs of wind and increases its brightness; and 'the niche' preserves the light. The simile may aptly apply to an electric torch of which the constituent parts are the electric wires which give light, the bulb which protects the light and the reflector which spreads and diffuses the light and gives it direction. In spiritual terminology, the three things—'the lamp,' 'the glass-globe' and 'the niche'—may respectively stand for Divine Light, God’s Prophets who protect that light from being extinguished and add to its effulgence and brightness, and the Khalifahs or Successors of the Prophets who diffuse and disseminate the Divine Light and give it a direction and purpose for the guidance and illumination of the world. The verse further states that the oil used to light the lamp is of the highest possible purity and is inflammable to a degree which makes it (the oil) burst out into a flame even without being ignited. It is extracted from a tree which belongs neither to the East nor to the West, i.e. which does not discriminate in favour of or against any particular people.
The verse may have another interpretation. The light mentioned in the verse may be taken to refer to the Holy Prophet because he has been spoken of as 'light' in the Qur’an (5:16); 'the niche' in that case would signify the heart of the Holy Prophet, and 'the lamp' his most pure and unsullied nature which is endowed with the best and noblest attributes and qualities, and 'the glass' would signify that the Divine Light with which his nature has been invested is as clear and bright as crystal. When the light of heavenly revelation descended upon the light of the Holy Prophet’s nature, it shone with a twofold effulgence which in the words of the Qur’an has been described as 'light upon light.' This light of the Prophet was sustained by an oil which emanated from a blessed tree, which means that the Holy Prophet’s light was not only bright and brilliant but abundant and stable and perpetual (as the word Mubarakah signifies), and was meant to illumine both the East and the West. Further, the Holy Prophet’s heart was so pure and his nature gifted with such noble qualities that he was almost lit to discharge the duties of his great mission even before the light of Divine revelation had descended upon him. This is the significance of the words, whose oil well-nigh would shine forth even though fire touched it not.
The metaphor may have yet another explanation. The niche in the verse is the human body. The human body contains the spirit which makes itself manifest through the organs of the body. Like the niche the human body protects the light, namely, the spirit, and guides its expression, i.e. the human body contains Misbah or the lamp of the soul which illumines the human mind and brings it into touch with God. The lamp is contained in a 'Zujajah' (globe of glass), which protects it from harm or injury and enhances and reflects its light. This Zujajah which is the human brain of which the mechanism is so perfect as to have led some philosophers to think that it is the ultimate source of the Divine Light. The light is sustained by the oil from a blessed tree, namely from those basic and eternal truths which are not the exclusive possession of any people of the East or of the West. These eternal truths are implanted in the very nature of man and would almost make themselves manifest even without the help of Divine revelation. (close)
English Five Volume Commentary
Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth. The similitude of His light is as a lustrous niche, wherein is a lamp. The lamp is in a glass. The glass is as it were a glittering star. It is lit from a blessed tree—an olive—neither of the east nor of the west, whose oil would well-nigh glow forth even though fire touched it not. Light upon light! Allah guides to His light whomsoever He will. [a]And Allah sets forth parables to men, and Allah knows all things full well.[2618]
2618. Important Words:
نور (light) is noun-infinitive from أنار. They say أنار الشیء i.e. the thing became bright and beautiful and manifest. أنار البیتmeans, he lit the house. أنار المسئلة means, he made the question clear and plain. نور means, light; that which makes a thing clear; light as opposed to darkness. نور is more extensive and more penetrating as well as more lasting in its significance than ضیاء. It is also one of the names of God (Aqrab & Muhit). See also 10:6.
مشکٰوة (niche) is derived from شکو and الشکو is the opening of the small skin for water or milk called شکوة and showing what is in it. شکا فلان means, the nails of such a one split in several places. They say شکا الی اللّٰه i.e. he complained of his case to God or he told God the weakness of his condition. مشکٰوة means, a niche in a wall, i.e. a hole or hollow in a wall, not extending through, in which a lamp placed therein gives more light than it gives elsewhere; a pillar or the like upon the top or head of which the lamp is put; or the iron things by means of which a lamp is suspended (Lane & Aqrab).
مصباح (a lamp), is derived from أصبح which means, he entered upon the time of morning; he rose in the middle of the night. They say أصبح القوم i.e. he came to the people in the morning, أصبح المصباح mean, he lit the lamp. أصبح الحق means, the truth became manifest. مصباح means, a lamp; a big lance or arrow (Lane & Aqrab).
زجاجة (glass) is derived from زج they say زج حاجبه i.e. his eyebrow was or became narrow and long or arched; he made his eyebrow narrow and long or made it narrow and long and arched, or clipped the redundant portion of the hair thereof. زج الموضع means, he made even, and adjusted the place. زجاجه means, a glass, a globe of glass; crystal window-pane; tumbler; eye (Lane).
مبارکة (blessed) is passive participle from برک which means, it was or it became firm or steady. برک علیه means, he applied himself constantly to it. برکة (barakatun) which is infinitive-noun from this root means, increase; abundance or plenty; firmness, stability or perpetuity coupled with increase; abundant and perpetual good. مبارکة means, abundant; firm, stable; having perpetual good blessed, etc. (Lane & Aqrab). See also 6:156.
Commentary:
The verse is a beautiful metaphor. It speaks of three things––a lamp, a glass-globe (or chimney) and a niche. The divine light is stated to have been confined to these three things which combined together make its brightness and effulgence complete and perfect in every respect. المصباح (the lamp) is the very source of the light; الزجاجة is the globe of glass or chimney which is over the lamp and which protects its light from being extinguished by the puff of wind and increases its brightness; and المشکٰوة (the niche) preserves the light. The simile may aptly apply to an electric torch of which the constituent parts are the electric wires which give light, the bulb which protects the light and the reflector which spreads and diffuses the light and gives it direction. In spiritual terminology the three things, i.e. المصباح (the lamp), الزجاجة (the glass) and المشکٰوة (the niche), mentioned in the verse, may respectively stand for divine light, God’s Prophets who protect that light from being extinguished and add to its effulgence and brightness, and the Khalifahs or Successors of the Prophets who diffuse and disseminate the divine light and give it a direction and purpose for the guidance and illumination of the world. This interpretation is borne out and supported by the context inasmuch as towards its close the Surah speaks of the establishment of Khilafat among the Muslims.
The verse further states that the oil used to light the lamp is of the highest possible purity and is inflammable to a degree which makes it (the oil) burst out into a flame even without being ignited. It is extracted from a tree which belongs neither to the east nor to the west.
The verse may have another interpretation. The light mentioned in the verse may be taken to refer to the Holy Prophet because he has been spoken of as نور (light) in the Quran (5:16). المشکٰوة (the niche) in the case would signify the heart of the Holy Prophet and المصباح (the lamp) his most pure and unsullied nature which is endowed with the best and noblest attributes and qualities and الزجاجة (the glass) would signify that the divine light with his nature has been invested is as clear and bright as crystal. When the light of heavenly revelation descended upon the light of the Holy Prophet’s pure nature, it shone with a twofold effulgence which in the words of the Quran has been described as "lights upon lights." This light of Prophet was sustained by an oil which emanated from a blessed tree, which means that the Holy Prophet’s light was not only bright and brilliant but abundant and stable and perpetual (as word مبارکة signifies) and was intended to illumine both the east and the west i.e. the whole world. Further, the Prophet’s heart was so pure and his nature gifted with such noble qualities that he was almost fit to discharge the duties of his great mission even before the light of Divine revelation had descended upon him. This is the significance of the words, "whose oil would well-nigh be ablaze even though fire touched it not."
If نور be understood to mean the light of Islam, the metaphor would mean that the light of Islam is placed on so high a pillar of minaret (المشکٰوة) and is so resplendent as to illumine the whole world. It is, as it were, placed under a glass-globe which not only saves it from being put out by puffs of adverse winds but adds to its lustre and glory and its light will one day spread over both the east and the west and will enlighten the entire world. The words, "a tree neither of the east nor of the west," further signify a universal guidance which does not discriminate in favour of or against any people and which is equally meant for all of them. The explanation is supported by another verse of the Quran viz. "they desire to extinguish the light of Allah with the breath of their mouth; but Allah will perfect His light, however much the disbelievers might dislike it" (61:9).
The metaphor may have yet another explanation. المشکٰوة or the niche in the verse is the human body. The human body contains the spirit which makes itself manifest through the organs of the body. Like the niche the human body protects the light, namely, the spirit; and guides its expression i.e. the human body contains the مصباح or the lamp of the soul which illumines the human mind and brings it into touch with God. The lamp is contained in زجاجة (globe or glass) which protects it from harm or injury and enhances and reflects its light. This زجاجة is the human brain of which the mechanism is so perfect as to have led some philosophers to think that it is the ultimate source of divine light. The light is sustained by the oil from a blessed tree, namely from those basic and eternal truths which are not the exclusive possession of any people, of the east or of the west. These eternal truths are implanted in the very nature of man and would almost make themselves manifest even without the help of Divine revelation. (close)
اُردو
اللہ آسمانوں اور زمین کا نور ہے۔ اس کے نور کی مثال ایک طاق کی سی ہے جس میں ایک چراغ ہو۔ وہ چراغ شیشے کے شمع دان میں ہو۔ وہ شیشہ ایسا ہو گویا ایک چمکتا ہوا روشن ستارہ ہے۔ وہ (چراغ) زیتون کے ایسے مبارک درخت سے روشن کیا گیا ہو جو نہ مشرقی ہو اور نہ مغربی۔ اس (درخت) کا تیل ایسا ہے کہ قریب ہے کہ وہ از خود بھڑک کر روشن ہو جائے خواہ اسے آگ کا شعلہ نہ بھی چھوا ہو۔ یہ نور علیٰ نور ہے۔ اللہ اپنے نور کی طرف جسے چاہتا ہے ہدایت دیتا ہے اور اللہ لوگوں کے لئے مثالیں بیان کرتا ہے اور اللہ ہر چیز کا دائمی علم رکھنے والا ہے۔
اُردو تفسیر صغیر
اللہ آسمانوں کا بھی نور ہے اور زمین کا بھی۔ اس کے نور کی کیفیت یہ ہے جیسے کہ ایک طاق ہو جس میں ایک دیا پڑا ہو (اور وہ) دیا ایک شیشے کے گلوب کے نیچے ہو (اور) وہ گلوب ایسا چمکدار ہو گویا وہ ایک چمکتا ہوا ستارہ ہے (اور) وہ (چراغ) ایک ایسے برکت والے درخت زیتون (کے تیل) سے جلایا جارہا ہو کہ وہ (درخت) نہ شرقی ہو نہ غربی۔ قریب ہے کہ اس کا تیل خواہ اسے آگ نہ بھی چھوئی ہو بھڑک اٹھے (یہ چراغ) بہت سے نوروں کا مجموعہ (معلوم ہوتا) ہے اللہ اپنے نور کے لئے جن کو چاہتا ہے ہدایت دیتا ہے اور اللہ لوگوں کے لئے (تمام ضروری) باتیں بیان کرتا ہے۔ اور اللہ ہر ایک چیز کو خوب جانتا ہے۔
Français
Allāh est la Lumière des cieux et de la terre. Sa Lumière est pareille à une niche brillante dans laquelle se trouve une lampe. La lampe est à l’intérieur d’un verre. Le verre est comme si c’était une étoile étincelante. La lampe est allumée avec l’huile d’un arbre béni – un olivier – qui n’est ni de l’Est ni de l’Ouest, dont l’huile s’allumerait même si le feu ne la touchait pas. Lumière sur lumière ! Allāh dirige vers Sa lumière qui Il veut. Et Allāh relate des paraboles aux hommes, et Allāh connaît toutes les choses très bien.
Español
Al‑lah es la Luz de los cielos y la tierra. Su luz es semejante a una hornacina brillante, en la que hay una lámpara. La lámpara está en un vaso. El vaso es como una estrella brillante. Se enciende con un árbol bendito -el olivo‑ que no está ni a Oriente ni a Occidente, cuyo aceite podría alumbrar aun cuando no lo tocara el fuego. ¡Luz sobre luz! Al‑lah guía a Su Luz a quien desea. Pues Al‑lah presenta parábolas a los hombres y Al‑lah sabe perfectamente todas las cosas.
Deutsch
Allah ist das Licht der Himmel und der Erde. Das Gleichnis Seines Lichts ist wie eine Nische, worin sich eine Lampe befindet. Die Lampe ist in einem Glas. Das Glas ist gleichsam ein glitzernder Stern – angezündet von einem gesegneten Baum, einem Ölbaum, weder vom Osten noch vom Westen, dessen Öl beinah leuchten würde, auch wenn das Feuer es nicht berührte. Licht über Licht. Allah leitet zu Seinem Licht, wen Er will. Und Allah prägt Gleichnisse für die Menschen, denn Allah kennt alle Dinge.
فِیۡ بُیُوۡتٍ اَذِنَ اللّٰہُ اَنۡ تُرۡفَعَ وَ یُذۡکَرَ فِیۡہَا اسۡمُہٗ ۙ یُسَبِّحُ لَہٗ فِیۡہَا بِالۡغُدُوِّ وَ الۡاٰصَالِ ﴿ۙ۳۷﴾
فِي بُيُوتٍ أَذِنَ ٱللَّهُ أَن تُرۡفَعَ وَيُذۡكَرَ فِيهَا ٱسۡمُهُۥ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُۥ فِيهَا بِٱلۡغُدُوِّ وَٱلۡأٓصَالِ
English
This light is now lit in houses with regard to which Allah has ordained that they be exalted and that His name be remembered in them. Therein is He glorified in the mornings and the evenings
English Short Commentary
This light illumines houses with regard to which Allah has ordained that they be exalted and that His name be remembered in them. Therein do glorify Him in the mornings and the evenings[2047A]
2047A. The verse contains both a proof and a prophecy. It predicts that houses illumined by the light contained in the Qur’an will be exalted and their inmates will always celebrate the praises of God. This will be a proof that they are illumined by Allah’s light. (close)
English Five Volume Commentary
This light is now lit in houses with regard to which Allah has ordained that they be exalted and that His name be remembered in them. Therein is He glorified in the mornings and the evenings.[2619]
2619. Commentary:
The verse purports to say that the metaphor used in the preceding verse is no mere beautiful simile or the figment of the fertile imagination but a hard, material fact. There are in existence houses in which this heavenly light is lit and from them it emanates. God has decreed that these houses shall be honoured and exalted because in them live men who celebrate the praises of their Creator in the mornings and the evenings the verse embodies both a proof and a prophecy. It is a prophecy in the sense that house illumined by the light of the Quran will be exalted and the fulfilment of this prophecy will constitute a proof that they are illumined by the light of Allah. How wonderfully the prophecy was fulfilled! The doorless and windowless hovels and huts of the poor Companions of the Holy Prophet became so honoured and respected that they became the objects of attraction and admiration for the whole world; and this fact testified to the Quran being the revealed Word of God. (close)
اُردو
ایسے گھروں میں جن کے متعلق اللہ نے اِذن دیا ہے کہ انہیں بلند کیا جائے اور ان میں اس کے نام کا ذکر کیا جائے۔ ان میں صبح وشام اس کی تسبیح کرتے ہیں۔
اُردو تفسیر صغیر
یہ (دیے) ایسے گھروں میں ہیں جن کے اونچا کیے جانے کا خدا نے حکم دے دیا ہے اور ان میں خدا کا نام لیا جاتا ہے (اور)ان میں صبح و شام تسبیح کرتے رہتے ہیں۔
Français
Cette lumière est maintenant allumée dans des maisons à l’égard desquelles Allāh a commandé qu’elles soient élevées et que Son nom y soit souvenu. Ils Le glorifient en ces maisons tous les matins et tous les soirs
Español
Esta luz está ahora encendida en casas que Al‑lah ha ordenado que sean exaltadas y sea recordado en ellas Su nombre. lorificadle allí por las mañanas y por las tardes;
Deutsch
(Es ist) in Häusern, für die Allah verordnet hat, sie sollten erhöht und Sein Name sollte darin verkündet werden. Darin preisen Ihn am Morgen und am Abend
رِجَالٌ ۙ لَّا تُلۡہِیۡہِمۡ تِجَارَۃٌ وَّ لَا بَیۡعٌ عَنۡ ذِکۡرِ اللّٰہِ وَ اِقَامِ الصَّلٰوۃِ وَ اِیۡتَآءِ الزَّکٰوۃِ ۪ۙ یَخَافُوۡنَ یَوۡمًا تَتَقَلَّبُ فِیۡہِ الۡقُلُوۡبُ وَ الۡاَبۡصَارُ ﴿٭ۙ۳۸﴾
رِجَالٞ لَّا تُلۡهِيهِمۡ تِجَٰرَةٞ وَلَا بَيۡعٌ عَن ذِكۡرِ ٱللَّهِ وَإِقَامِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ وَإِيتَآءِ ٱلزَّكَوٰةِ يَخَافُونَ يَوۡمٗا تَتَقَلَّبُ فِيهِ ٱلۡقُلُوبُ وَٱلۡأَبۡصَٰرُ
English
By men, whom neither merchandise nor traffic diverts from the remembrance of Allah and the observance of Prayer, and the giving of the Zakat. They fear a day in which hearts and eyes will be agitated,
English Short Commentary
[a]Men, whom neither merchandise nor traffic diverts from the remembrance of Allah and the observance of Prayer, and the giving of the Zakat.[2048] They fear a day in which hearts and eyes will be in a state of agitation and anguish;
2048. The verse constitutes a great testimonial to the righteousness and goodness of the Holy Prophet’s Companions and to their love for God. They are men, says the verse, of flesh and bones. They have their worldly ambitions and aspirations, their professions and avocations. They are not monks and hermits, cut apart from the world. Yet amidst all their mundane pursuits and engagements they do not neglect to discharge their duties to God and man. (close)
English Five Volume Commentary
By [a]men, whom neither merchandise nor traffic diverts from the remembrance of Allah and the observance of Prayer, and the giving of the Zakah. They fear a day in which hearts and eyes will be agitated,[2620]
2620. Commentary:
The verse constitutes a great testimonial to the righteousness and goodness of the Holy Prophet’s Companions and to their love for God and their liking for His remembrance. They are men, says the verse, of flesh and bones. They have their worldly ambitions and aspirations, their professions and avocations. They are not monks and hermits cut apart from the world. Yet amidst all their material pursuits and engagements they do not neglect to discharge their duties to God and man. This certificate of merit which the Companions of the Holy Prophet received from Allah, their Divine Lord and Master, has been referred to in several other places in the Quran, viz. "Those who, if We establish them in the earth will observe Prayer and pay the Zakah and enjoin good and forbid evil" (22:42), and "Their sides keep away from their beds; and they call upon their Lord in fear and hope, and spend out of what We have bestowed upon them" (32:17). It is because of this life of righteousness and service of humanity that "Allah was well pleased with them, and they were well pleased with Him" (58:23). (close)
اُردو
ایسے عظیم مرد جنہیں نہ کوئی تجارت اور نہ کوئی خرید وفروخت اللہ کے ذکر سے یا نماز کے قیام سے یا زکوٰۃ کی ادائیگی سے غافل کرتی ہے۔ وہ اس دن سے ڈرتے ہیں جس میں دل (خوف سے) الٹ پلٹ ہو رہے ہوں گے اور آنکھیں بھی۔
اُردو تفسیر صغیر
کچھ مرد۔ جن کو اللہ کے ذکر سے اور نماز کے قائم کرنے سے اور زکٰوۃ کے دینے سے نہ تجارت اور نہ سودا بیچنا غافل کرتا ہے وہ اس دن سے ڈرتے ہیں جس میں دل الٹ جائیں گے اور آنکھیں پلٹ جائیں گی۔
Français
Des hommes que ni les affaires ni le commerce ne distraient du souvenir d’Allāh et de l’observance de la Prière, et du paiement de la Zakāt. Ils redoutent un jour où les cœurs et les yeux seront bouleversés.
Español
Hombres a quienes ni el comercio ni los negocios les apartan del recuerdo de Al‑lah y del cumplimiento de la Oración y la entrega del Zakat. Temen un día en el que los corazones y ojos estarán agitados.
Deutsch
Männer, die weder Ware noch Handel abhält von dem Gedenken an Allah und der Verrichtung des Gebets, und dem Geben der Zakât. Sie fürchten einen Tag, an dem sich Herzen und Augen verdrehen werden,
لِیَجۡزِیَہُمُ اللّٰہُ اَحۡسَنَ مَا عَمِلُوۡا وَ یَزِیۡدَہُمۡ مِّنۡ فَضۡلِہٖ ؕ وَ اللّٰہُ یَرۡزُقُ مَنۡ یَّشَآءُ بِغَیۡرِ حِسَابٍ ﴿۳۹﴾
لِيَجۡزِيَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ أَحۡسَنَ مَا عَمِلُواْ وَيَزِيدَهُم مِّن فَضۡلِهِۦۗ وَٱللَّهُ يَرۡزُقُ مَن يَشَآءُ بِغَيۡرِ حِسَابٖ
English
So that Allah may give them the best reward of their deeds, and give them increase out of His bounty. And Allah does provide for whomsoever He pleases without measure.
English Short Commentary
So [b]Allah will give them the best reward of their deeds, and give them increase out of His bounty. And Allah does provide for whomsoever He pleases without measure.
English Five Volume Commentary
So that [b]Allah may give them the best reward of their deeds, and give them increase out of His bounty. And Allah does provide for whomsoever He pleases without measure.
اُردو
تا کہ اللہ اُنہیں اُن کے بہترین اعمال کے مطابق جزا دے جو وہ کرتے رہے ہیں اور اپنے فضل سے اُنہیں مزید بھی دے اور اللہ جسے چاہتا ہے بغیر حساب کے رزق دیتا ہے۔
اُردو تفسیر صغیر
نتیجہ یہ ہوگا کہ اللہ ان کو ان کے اعمال کی بہتر سے بہتر جزا دے گا اور ان کو اپنے فضل سے (مال و اولاد میں) بڑھا دے گا اور اللہ جس کو چاہتا ہے بغیر حساب کے رزق دیتا ہے۔
Français
Ainsi Allāh les récompensera selon la meilleure de leurs œuvres, et leur accordera encore plus de Sa munificence. Et Allāh accorde Sa provision sans mesure à qui Il veut.
Español
Para que Al‑lah les otorgue la mejor recompensa a sus acciones y les dé aumentado de Su magnanimidad. Pues Al‑lah proporciona sin medida a quien Él quiere.
Deutsch
dass Allah sie belohne für die besten ihrer Taten und ihnen Mehrung gebe aus Seiner Fülle. Allah versorgt ja, wen Er will, ohne zu rechnen.
وَ الَّذِیۡنَ کَفَرُوۡۤا اَعۡمَالُہُمۡ کَسَرَابٍۭ بِقِیۡعَۃٍ یَّحۡسَبُہُ الظَّمۡاٰنُ مَآءً ؕ حَتّٰۤی اِذَا جَآءَہٗ لَمۡ یَجِدۡہُ شَیۡئًا وَّ وَجَدَ اللّٰہَ عِنۡدَہٗ فَوَفّٰٮہُ حِسَابَہٗ ؕ وَ اللّٰہُ سَرِیۡعُ الۡحِسَابِ ﴿ۙ۴۰﴾
وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓاْ أَعۡمَٰلُهُمۡ كَسَرَابِۭ بِقِيعَةٖ يَحۡسَبُهُ ٱلظَّمۡـَٔانُ مَآءً حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا جَآءَهُۥ لَمۡ يَجِدۡهُ شَيۡـٔٗا وَوَجَدَ ٱللَّهَ عِندَهُۥ فَوَفَّىٰهُ حِسَابَهُۥۗ وَٱللَّهُ سَرِيعُ ٱلۡحِسَابِ
English
And as to those who disbelieve, their deeds are like a mirage in a desert. The thirsty one thinks it to be water until, when he comes up to it, he finds it to be nothing. And he finds Allah near him, Who then fully pays him his account; and Allah is swift at reckoning.
English Short Commentary
And as to those who disbelieve, [c]their deeds are like a mirage in a desert. The thirsty one imagines it to be water until, when he comes up to it, he finds it to be nothing. And he finds Allah near him, Who then pays him his account in full; and Allah is Swift at reckoning.
English Five Volume Commentary
And as to those who disbelieve, [a]their deeds are like a mirage in a desert. The thirsty one thinks it to be water until, when he comes up to it, he finds it to be nothing. And he finds Allah near him, Who then fully pays him his account; and Allah is swift at reckoning.[2621]
2621. Important Words:
سراب (mirage) is derived from سرب. They say سرب الماء i.e. the water flowed. سرب الرجل means, the man went at random. سرابmeans, anything which on account of the heat of the sun in the middle of the day appears as if it is water reflecting buildings and trees, etc. mirage. The Arabs say ھو أخدع من السراب i.e. he is more deceptive than mirage (Aqrab).
قیعة (plain) is derived from قاع which means, he desisted, etc. قیعة is syn. with قاع and means, even place, plain or level land that produces nothing, low and free from mountains and herbage (Lane & Mufradat). See 20:107.
Commentary:
See next verse. (close)
اُردو
اور وہ لوگ جنہوں نے کفر کیا ان کے اعمال ایسے سراب کی طرح ہیں جو چٹیل میدان میں ہو جسے سخت پیاسا پانی گمان کرے یہاں تک کہ جب وہ اس تک پہنچے اسے کچھ نہ پائے اور اللہ کو اس جگہ پائے پس وہ اسے اس کا پورا پورا حساب دے اور اللہ حساب چکانے میں تیز ہے۔
اُردو تفسیر صغیر
اور وہ لوگ جنہوں نے کفر کیا ان کے اعمال سراب کی طرح ہیںجو ایک وسیع میدان میں نظر آتی ہے جس کو پیاسا پانی سمجھتا ہے یہاں تک کہ جب وہ اس کے پاس آجاتا ہے تو وہ اسے کچھ بھی نہیں پاتا اور اللہ کو اس کے پاس دیکھ لیتا ہے تب اللہ اسے اس کا پورا پورا حساب چکا دیتا ہے اور اللہ بہت جلد حساب چکانے والوں میں سے ہے۔
Français
Et quant à ceux qui ne croient pas, leurs œuvres sont pareilles à un mirage dans un désert. L’assoiffé pense que c’est de l’eau, jusqu’à ce qu’en y arrivant, il trouve que ce n’est rien. Et là-bas il trouve Allāh, Qui lui règle son compte intégralement ; et Allāh est prompt à calculer.
Español
En cuanto a los no creyentes, sus actos son como un espejismo en el desierto. El sediento piensa que hay agua hasta que, cuando llega a ella, encuentra que no es nada. Mas encuentra que Al‑lah está allí, quien le retribuye totalmente por sus acciones, pues Al‑lah es rápido en la retribución.
Deutsch
Die aber ungläubig sind – ihre Taten sind wie eine Luftspiegelung in einer Ebene. Der Dürstende hält sie für Wasser bis er, wenn er hinzutritt, sie als Nichts findet. Doch er findet Allah nahebei, Der ihm seine Rechnung voll bezahlt; und Allah ist schnell im Abrechnen.